Description | แแถแแแทแแแแแถ
Photograph: Heide Smith. Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial, P03258.295
Cambodia’s prime ministers, His Royal Highness (HRH) Prince Norodom Ranariddh (left), leader of the National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful and Cooperative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC) Party and Hun Sen, leader of the Cambodian People’s Party (CPP) conducting business in the Cabinet Room of the Constitutional Assembly building in Phnom Penh on the morning of 10 August 1993. Above them is a map of Cambodia dividedย into provinces. The May 1993 elections, supervised by the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC), gave FUNCINPEC 45.47 percent of the national vote, entitling them to 58 seats in the Assembly, while the CPP polled 38.23 percent and 51 seats. The two parties subsequently decided to form a power sharing government.
1993
แแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแธแแแแแแแแแแแปแแถแแถแแแแธแแแบ แแแแแแ โแแแแปแโแแแแโแแแแแแแโ แแแฌแแแแทโย (แแ แแถแแแแแแ) แแถแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแทแแแแแฝแแแฝแแแถแแท แแพแแแแธแฏแแแถแแแ แขแแแแถแแแแนแ แแแแแทแแถแ แแทแแแ แแแแแทแแแแแทแแถแแแแแแปแแถ (แ แแแแปแแแแทแแแแทแ ) แแทแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแธ แ แแปแ แแแ แแแแแถแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแปแแถ ( แแแ) แแแแปแแแแแพแแทแ แแ แแแแแปแแแฝแแแ แแแแปแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแธแแแขแแถแแแแแแแแแแแปแแแแแ แแถแแแถแแธแแแแแแแ แแ แแแแนแแแแแแแธแกแ แแแแธแ แถ แแแแถแแกแฉแฉแฃแ แแ แแถแแแพแแฝแแแถแแโแแบแแถแแแแแธแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแปแแถแแแแแถแแแแแ แแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแย แแแแปแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแงแแแถ แแแแถแแกแฉแฉแฃ แแแแแถแแแแแฝแแแทแแทแแแแแแแขแแปแแแถแแ แแแแแแแ แแแแปแแแแทแแแแทแ แแแฝแแแถแ แคแฅ.แคแง% แแแแแแแพแแทแแฅแจแแ แขแธแแแแปแแแแถ แแธแฏแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแปแแถแแแฝแแแถแแแแแแนแแแแแแ แฃแจ.แขแฃ% แแแแพแแทแแฅแกแแ แขแธแโ แแแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแธแแแแแถแแแแแแแ แ แทแแแแ แแแแแแแแขแแแถแ แแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแทแแถแแแถแแฝแแแแแถแ
แกแฉแฉแฃ
Description | แแถแแแทแแแแแถ
Photograph: George Gittoes. Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial, P01744.029
Soldiers serving with the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) loadย ballot boxes full of completed election voting papers into an Army Black Hawk helicopter, which has been painted inย the white of the United Nations (UN).
May 1993
แแถแ แถแโแแแแแแแแพแแถแแแถแแฝแแขแถแแแแถแแแขแแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแถแแถแแทแแ แแแแแปแแถ (แขแแปแแแถแแ) ย แแแแปแแแพแแแปแแแแแแแแแแแแแแ แแแแแแแแนแแแแแแแแแแแแแแฝแ แแถแแแแพแงแแแแแแแถแแ แแแแแแ Black Hawk แแแแแแแผแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแแแถแแฑแแแขแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแถแแถแแท (UN)แ
แแแงแแแถ แแแแถแแกแฉแฉแฃ
Description | แแถแแแทแแแแแถ
Photograph: George Gittoes. Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial,ย P01744.056
A large crowd of colourfully dressed Cambodian villagers gathered at a rural polling stationย to vote in the Cambodian national elections. At left, a Cambodian policeman is helping to control the crowd at theย entrance to the polling station.
แขแแแแแผแแทแแ แแแแแปแแถแแแถแแ แแแพแแแปแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแถแแแฝแแแปแแแแแถแแ แแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแฝแแแพแแแแธแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแปแแแแแนแแแแทแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแทแ แแ แแถแแแแแแแแ แแแผแแทแแแแแแปแแถแแแแถแแแแแแปแแแฝแแแแแแฝแแแแแปแแแแปแแแแแ แแถแแแปแแ แแแแ แผแแฑแแแ แผแแแ แแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแ
Description | แแถแแแทแแแแแถ
Photograph: George Gittoes. Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial,ย P01744.078
Electoral officials at a rural polling station rehearse procedures for voting in the forthcoming Cambodian national elections, which were sponsored by the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC). The man standing at left is an official who is playing the part of a voter in the rehearsal. His fingerprint is being taken as part of the process of registering him as a voter.
May 1993
แแแแแแแธแแแแ แแแถแแแแแแแแแแแฝแแ แแแฝแ แแ แแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแฝแ แแถแแขแแปแแแแแแแขแแแธแแธแแทแแทแแธแแพแแแแธแแแแแแแแแแถแแทแแแแแนแแแแแพแกแพแแแถแแแแแถแแแปแ แแแแแแแ แแแแแขแแปแแแถแแแ แแปแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแ แแถแแแแแแแแบแแถแแแแแแแธแแแแ แแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแปแแ แถแแแแแแแแปแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแผแแแถแแแแแ แแแแปแแแแแพแแแถแแแแแถแแ แปแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแพแแถแขแแแแแแแแแแแแ
แแแงแแแถ แแแแถแแกแฉแฉแฃ
Description | แแถแแแทแแแแแถ
Photograph: George Gittoes. Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial, P01744.168
An Australian soldier serving with the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia(UNTAC) stops to make friends with two Cambodian children, while patrolling a street in a large town. The soldier isย wearing a flak jacket over his jungle green uniform.
June 1993
แแถแ แถแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแพแแถแแฑแแแขแถแแแแถแแแขแแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแถแแถแแทแแ แแแแแปแแถ (แขแแปแแแถแแ) ย แแถแแแแแแพแแแแธแแแแแแแแแถแแแถแแฝแแแแแแแแแแแปแแถแขแแผแ แแแแแแแแแแปแแแพแแแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแผแแแแแปแแแธแแแแปแแแแแฝแแ แแถแ แถแแแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแขแถแแแแแแแแถแแแถแแแธแแพแฏแแแแแแถแแแพแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแ
แแแแทแแปแแถโ แแแแถแ1993
Description | แแถแแแทแแแแแถ
Photograph: Heide Smith. Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial, P03258.001
Lieutenant General (Lt Gen) John M Sanderson, Force Commander of the military component of the United Nationsย Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) is interviewed by a reporter at Phnom Penh Airport.
1993
แงแแแแแแแแธแแแฏแ John M Sanderson แขแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแขแถแแแแถแแแขแแแแแแถแแขแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแถแแถแแทแแ แแแแแปแแถ (แขแแปแแแถแแ) แแแแปแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแขแแแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแ แขแถแแถแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแ
แแแแถแแกแฉแฉแฃ
Description | แแถแแแทแแแแแถ
Photograph: Heide Smith. Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial, P03258.004
Lieutenant General (Lt Gen) John M Sanderson (left), Force Commander of the Military Contingent of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) stands with a member of the Indonesian Army Contingent, whose left breast bears a patch with the initials ‘TNI-AD’ (Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat), while his right breast bears his name (Jentot?). The Indonesian Contingent was deployed in a security capacity to the Phnomย Penh Special Zone (PPSZ) for the duration of the electoral period, from October 1992 onwards.
1993
แงแแแแแแแแธแแแฏแ John M Sandersonโ (แแถแแแแแแ)โ แขแแแแแแแแแแถแแถแแแแแแแแแแฝแแแแแแขแถแแแแถแแแขแแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแถแแถแแทแแ แแแแแปแแถ (แขแแปแแแถแแ)ย แแแแถแแฝแแแแแแแแฝแแฅแแแแผแแแแแธแแแแถแแ แแแแแแแผแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแถแแแแถแแแแแถ ‘TNI-AD’ แฏแแแแผแแแถแแแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแ (Jentot?)โแ แแแแฅแแแแผแแแแแธแแแแถแแแแแแแแแผแแแถแแแถแแแฑแแแแพแแแถแแแปแแแแแผแแแแแแทแแปแแแแแปแแแแแแแแทแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแ แถแแแแธแแแแปแแถ แแแแถแแกแฉแฉแข แแแ แ
แกแฉแฉแฃ
Description | แแถแแแทแแแแแถ
Photograph:ย Heide Smith. Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial,ย P03258.006
Lorraine Sanderson (left), wife of Lieutenant General (Lt Gen) John M Sanderson, Force Commander of the Military Contingent of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) greets Marje Prior (right) at Phnom Penh Airport in January 1993. Standing between them is Lt Gen Sanderson’s Ghanaian bodyguard and 2306425ย Corporal (Cpl) Griffin. Journalist Marje Prior and photographer Heide Smith visited Cambodia in January and August 1993 to document Australian involvement with UNTAC, later publishing a book entitled ‘Shooting at the Moon -Cambodian Peacekeepers tell their stories’.
1993
แแแแแแแธ Lorraine Sanderson (แแถแแแแแแ) แแแทแแถแแแแแแแแงแแแแแแแแธแแแฏแ John M Sandersonโโ แขแแแแแแแแแแถแแถแแแแแแแแแแฝแแแแแแขแถแแแแถแแแขแแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแถแแถแแทแแ แแแแแปแแถ (แขแแปแแแถแแ)โ แแแฝแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแธ Marje Prior (แแถแแแแแถแ) แแ แขแถแแถแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแปแแแแแแแถ แแแแถแแกแฉแฉแฃแ แแแแ แ แแแแแแแฝแแแถแแแแแแแบแขแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแงแแแแแแแแธแแแฏแ John M Sanderson แแแแแถแแทแ แแแถแแถ แแทแแแแโแแแแถแแแ (Cpl) Griffinโแ แขแแแแแถแแแแแแแถแ แแแแแแแธ Marje Prior แแทแแแถแแแแแผแ แขแแแแแแแธ Heide Smith แแถแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแปแแถแแแแปแแแแแแแถ แแทแแแแแธแ แถ แแแแถแแกแฉแฉแฃ แแพแแแแธแ แแแแแแฏแแแถแแขแแแธแแถแแ แผแแแฝแแแแแแแแแแแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธแแถแแฝแแขแแปแแแถแแ แ แพแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแปแแแแแแแแ แแฝแแแแแถแแ แแแแแพแแแถ ‘Shooting at the Moon -Cambodian Peacekeepers tell their stories’ แ
แกแฉแฉแฃ
Description | แแถแแแทแแแแแถ
Photograph:ย Heide Smith. Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial,ย P03258.008
An informal portrait of 219689 Lieutenant Colonel (Lt Col) Damien Healy standing in front of a Mixed Military Working Group (MMWG) briefing map which displays the legend ‘Peace For Cambodia’ and shows the location of United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC)’s military contingents. The MMWG had been formed by the United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia (UNAMIC) with the intention of providing a high-level forum for all four Cambodian military factions and the UN’s military representatives, and first met on 28 December 1991. It continued under the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC). An experienced military negotiator, Lt Col Healy was MMWG’s Chief Liaison Officer and the only Australian representative. He received a Conspicuous Service Cross for his work in Cambodia.
1993
แแแแแบแแถแแผแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแธแแแฏแ Damien Healy แแแแ แแธแแปแแแแแแธแแแแแแแแแแแแแแปแแแถแแแถแแแแแ แแแแปแ แแแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแแแถ โแแแแแทแแถแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแปแแถโ แ แพแแแทแแแแแ แถแแแธแแถแแแแแแแแแแขแถแแแแถแแแขแแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแถแแถแแทแแ แแแแแปแแถ (แขแแปแแแถแแ)แ แแแแปแแแถแแแถแแแแแ แแแแปแ (MMWG) แแแแผแแแถแแแแแแพแแกแพแแแแแแแแแแแแแแทแแแแขแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแถแแถแแทแแ แแแแแปแแถ (UNAMIC) แแแแปแแแแแแแแแแพแแแแธแแแแแแแแแทแแถแ แแ แถแแแแแทแแแแแแแแฝแแแแแแแแปแแแแแแถแแแขแถแแปแแแถแแแคแแถแแธแแทแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแขแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแถแแถแแท แ แพแแแฝแแแแแแปแแแแแผแแแ แแแแแแธแขแจ แแแแแแผ แแแแถแแกแฉแฉแกแ แแถแแแแ แแแแแแแแแแพแแแถแแแ แแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแขแถแแแแถแแแขแแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแถแแถแแทแแ แแแแแปแแถ (แขแแปแแแถแแ)แ แแแแแแแแแธแแแฏแ Damien Healy แแบแแถแขแแแแ แแ แถแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแทแแแแแแแแ แแทแแแถแแแแแแแธแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแปแแแถแแแถแแแแแ แแแแปแ (MMWG) แ แพแแแแแถแขแแแแแแแถแแฑแแแแแแแแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธแแแแแแถแแแแแแ แแถแแแแถแแแแฝแแแแแแถแแแแทแแแแทแแ Conspicuous Service Cross แแแแแถแแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแแ แแแแแแแแแแแปแแถแ
แกแฉแฉแฃ
Description | แแถแแแทแแแแแถ
Photograph: Heide Smith. Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial, P03258.012
F237162 Corporal Jenny Brauer, Air Dispatch Service team, Australian Force Communications Unit (FCU) holds a clipboard as she prepares to reboard a UN Mi-8 helicopter at Battambang Airfield in late January 1992. 183584 Bombardier H J Hooker, FCU, and an unidentified Australian walk away immediately behind her, while a civilian, possibly one of the contracted Russian helicopter pilots, stands in the middle distance next to another UN Mi-8. In the
far distance to the left of three large hangars there are a number of UN trucks and a Russian Mi-26 ‘Halo’ transport helicopter, all painted in the traditional white UN finish. United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) helicopters made regular supply and mail runs to UNTAC bases, but found the northwest of Cambodia potentially dangerous as a number of helicopters were hit by ground fire, usually when travelling close to Khmer Rougeย controlled areas.
1993
แแแแถแแแ Jenny Brauer แแแถแแทแแถแแแแปแแแแแถแแแแแแนแแแแแแผแแแถแแขแถแแถแ แแทแแขแแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธ แแแแปแแแถแแ clipboard แแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแ แแแพแแงแแแแแแแถแแ แแแ UN Mi-8 แแ แขแถแแถแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแ แ แปแแแแแแแถ แแแแถแแกแฉแฉแขแ แขแแแแแพแแแแแแ แแแแแแแถแแแแแแถแแแแแ แแแ H J Hooker แแทแแแแแถแแทแขแผแแแแแแถแแธแแแแแทแแแแแถแแแขแแแแแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแถแแแพแแ แแแแธแแถแแแแแแแแถแ แแแแแแแแแแแธแแทแแแแแถแแ แแแแ แแแแถแขแถแแถแแแถแแทแแแแแถแแแแแแแแปแแขแถแแถแแแถแแทแแงแแแแแแแถแแ แแแแแปแแแแธ แแแแ แ แแแแแแถแ แแแแถแแแแแแทแ แแทแแแนแแงแแแแแแแถแแ แแแ UN Mi-8 แแฝแแแแแ แแ แแถแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแนแ แแแแแแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแฃ แแแแแถแแแแแปแแกแถแแแนแแแแแทแแแแแแขแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแถแแถแแท แแทแแงแแแแแแแถแแ แแแแแนแแแแแแผแ Mi-26 ‘Halo’ แแแแแแปแแแแธแแฝแแ แแแฝแ แแแแแแแผแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแแแขแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแถแแถแแทแ แงแแแแแแแถแแ แแแแขแถแแแแถแแแขแแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแถแแถแแทแแ แแแแแปแแถ (แขแแปแแแถแแ) แแแแแแแนแแแแแแ แแทแแแแแพแแแแแแถแแแ แแถแแแแธแแถแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแขแแปแแแถแแ แแแปแแแแแแ แแทแแขแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแปแแถแแบแแถแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแถแแปแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแ แแแแแแงแแแแแแแถแแ แแแแแฝแแ แแแฝแแแแแผแแแถแแแถแแแแแ แถแแแแแแถแแแถแแแแธแแถแแแแแแ แแถแแผแแ แแ แแแแแแแพแแแแพแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแ แแแแแแแแแแแ
แกแฉแฉแฃ
Description | แแถแแแทแแแแแถ
Photograph: Heide Smith. Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial, P03258.018
Lieutenant General (Lt Gen) John M Sanderson (right), Force Commander of the Military Contingent of the Unitedย Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) speaks at a meeting of the Mixed Military Working Group (MMWG), a high-level forum for all four Cambodian military factions and the UN’s military contingent representatives. An unidentified French UNTAC military contingent representative and a civilian sit next to Lt Gen Sanderson, while a large grouping of UNTAC military representatives sit behind them. First meeting on 28 December 1991, usually atย the old colonial French Protector’s Residence in Phnom Penh, the MMWG had been formed by the United Nationsย Advance Mission in Cambodia (UNAMIC) and continued under UNTAC.
1993
แงแแแแแแแแธแแแฏแ John M Sanderson แขแแแแแแแแแแถแแถแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแขแถแแปแแแแแแขแแปแแแถแแ (แแ แแถแแแแแถแแแ) แแแแปแแแถแแแแแแถแแแแแ แแแแปแแแทแ แแ แแแแแปแแแฝแแแแแแแแแถแ แแแแปแแแแแแถแแแแทแแถแแแแแแแฝแแแแแแถแแแแแแปแแแแแแถแแแขแถแแปแแแแแแแแถแแแค แแทแแแแแแแแแแฝแแแแแถแแฑแแแขแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแถแแถแแทแ แขแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแฝแแแแแแแถแแถแแแแแแถแแแแแแแทแแแแแถแแแแแแแ แแทแแแปแแแแแธแแทแแขแแแแปแแแถแแแแแ แงแแแแแแแแธแแแฏแ John M Sanderson แแแแแแถแแแแแแปแแแแแถแแฑแแแแแแแแขแแปแแแถแแแแถแ แแแพแแขแแแแปแแแธแแแแแแแฝแแแแ แแทแ แแ แแแแแปแแแพแแแแแผแ แแบแแ แแแแแแธแขแจ แแแแแแผ แแแแถแแกแฉแฉแก แแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแกแพแแแ แแผแแทแแแแทแแขแถแแถแแทแแ แแถแแถแแแ แถแแแแฝแแแ แแแแปแแแธแแแแปแแแแแแแแแ แแแแปแแแแแแแถแ แแแแปแแแถแแแแแแพแแกแพแแแแ แแแแปแแแแแแแแแแทแแแแขแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแถแแถแแทแแ แแแแแปแแถ แแทแแแแแแแ แผแแแแแแแขแแปแแแถแแแ
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Photograph: Heide Smith. Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial, P03258.031
An informal portrait of 1203543 Lieutenant Colonel (Lt Col) Russell Stuart and his wife Debbie Stuart standing in front of the Central Market in Phnom Penh. The couple were married in Cambodia and, at the insistence of HRH Prince Norodom Sihanouk (who composed and dedicated a song to Debbie Stuart), the reception was held in the Royal Palace in Phnom Penh, the first time that such an honour had been accorded to a foreigner. Lt Col Stuart’s name is reproduced in the Khmer language above his left pocket. Lt Col Stuart was awarded the Conspicuous Service Cross for his contribution to the planning for Australian participation in UN operations in Cambodia.
1993
แแแแแบแแถแแผแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแธแแแฏแ Russell Stuart แแถแแฝแแแนแแแแทแแถแแแแแแถแแแแบแแแแแแแธ Debbie Stuart แแแแ แแธแแปแแแแแถแแแแแธแแ แแธแแแแปแแแแแแแแแ แแแแถแแธแแแทแแถแแฝแแแผแแแแแถแแแแแขแถแแถแ แแแทแแถแ แแแ แแแแปแแแแแแแแแแแแปแแถ แแแแแถแแถแแแแแพแแปแแแแแแแแแแแ แแแแแแแแแธแ แแป (แแแแแแแแแถแแแทแแแแแ แแแแแแแฝแแแแแผแแแแแแแแธ Debbie Stuart แแแแแ) แ แพแแแทแแธแแแแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแกแพแแแ แแแแแแแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแแแ แแถแแบแแถแแแแแแแผแแแแแแ แถแแทแแแแทแแแแแแผแแแแแ แแกแพแแแผแแแแแแแแแแแแ แแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแธแแแฏแ Stuart แแแแถแแแแแแแแแถแแถแแถแแแแแแแ แแพแ แแแแ แขแถแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแ แแแแแแแแแธแแแฏแ Stuart แแแแแฝแแแถแแแแแแถแแ Conspicuous Service Cross แแแแแ แแแแแถแแแแถแแ แผแแแฝแแ แแแแแแแแปแแแถแแแแแ แแแแแแถแแฑแแแแแแแแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธแ แผแแแฝแแแแแปแแแทแ แแ แแ แแแแแทแแแแแทแแถแแขแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแถแแถแแทแแ แแแแแแแแแแแปแแถแ
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Photograph: Heide Smith. Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial, P03258.035
An informal portrait of W133384 Leading Aircraftwoman (LACW) Kylie Kiddle, one of twenty RAAF personnel serving with the Australian Force Communications Unit (FCU) contingent of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC), standing in front of a communication dish used at the Siem Reap Unit. Siem Reap, the regional capital of Siem Reap province, was well within the Khmer Rouge sphere of influence and on 3 May 1993 the Khmerย Rouge temporarily captured the airport, looted UNTAC buildings and local dwellings, and shelled the town in an attempt to prevent Cambodians registering for voting.
1993
แแแแแบแแถแแผแแแถแแแแแแแถแแธแแพแแแแแแ แแแแถแแแปแ Kylie Kiddle แแถแแแแแแธแแแแถแแแแแแปแแ แแแแแแแแแแธแขแ แแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแพแแถแแฑแแแขแแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธแแ แขแถแแแแถแแแขแแแแแแถแแขแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแถแแถแแทแแ แแแแแปแแถ(แขแแปแแแถแแ) แแแแ แแธแแปแแขแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแ แขแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแถแแ แแแแแแแธแแฝแแแแแแแแแแแถแ แแ แแแแปแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแ แแแ แแแแถแแฅแแแแทแแแแแแถแแ แ แพแแแ แแแแแแธแฃ แงแแแถ แกแฉแฉแฃ แแแแแแแแแ แแแถแแแถแแแแถแแแขแถแแถแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแแแขแถแแแแ แแฝแ แขแแถแแขแแปแแแถแแ แแทแแแแแ แแถแแแถแแแแแแ แ แพแแแแแถแแถแแแถแแแถแแแแแปแแแแแปแแแแแแแแแ แถแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแแทแแฑแแแ แปแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแ
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Photograph: Heide Smith. Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial, P03258.071
A group of representatives, including one woman, from the Australian Force Communications Unit (FCU) march at the head of a parade of athletes competing at the first ever UN Olympic games, an event held in Phnom Penh’s 1963 Olympic Stadium on 17 January 1993. They are followed by the representatives from the Bangladeshi contingent which contributed 942 personnel to the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) operation. Organised by the Australian contingent, the games drew 600 participants from 18 countries.
1993
แแแแแแธแกแง แแแแแแถ แแแแถแแกแฉแฉแฃ แแแแปแแแธแกแถแแแแถแแฑแแแขแแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธแแแแแถแแแแแแแธแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแ แแถแแแแแแแแฝแแแแแ แแแแแปแแแถแแแแแแฝแแแธแกแถแขแผแกแถแแแแแผแแแแแขแแ แแแแแขแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแถแแถแแท แแแแแถแแแแแ แแแ แแ แปแแธแกแถแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแถแแกแฉแฆแฃแ แแฝแแแแแแแผแแแถแแแพแแแธแแแแแแแแแแแแปแแแแแถแแแแแธแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแฝแแ แผแแแฝแแแถแแฝแแขแแปแแแถแแแ แแแฝแแฉแคแขแแถแแแ แแถแแแแแแฝแแแแแแแแ แแแแแแแแแแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธแแฝแแแแ แแถแแแถแแแแถแแขแแแแ แผแแแฝแแ แแแฝแแฆแ แ แแถแแแแแแธแกแจแแแแแแแ
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Photograph: Heide Smith. Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial, P03258.074
F230401 Sergeant (Sgt) Norma Hinchcliffe, a medic serving with the Australian Force Communications Unit (FCU) treats a patient at a hospital in Phnom Penh. Sgt Hinchcliffe was a front seat passenger in a Bell 206 JetRanger helicopter on a routine welfare trip from her base at Sisophon to the small signals outpost of Ban Non Sun in Banteay Meanchey province on the Thai border, an area of high Khmer Rouge activity. A suspected Khmer Rouge sniper fired on the helicopter (‘the bullet went straight between our heads’ commented Sgt Hinchcliffe) damaging the controls, radio and hydraulics, and forcing the craft to land on an isolated dirt road to allow the pilot to check for obvious damage. The pilot managed to restart the helicopter and they returned to Sisophon at treetop level ‘with aย terrible grinding noise’. This was one of many incidents encountered by United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) troops who operated close to Khmer Rouge controlled territory.
1993
F230401 แแแแถแแแแแธ (Sgt) Norma Hinchcliffe แแบแแถแฑแแแแถแแทแแธแแแแปแแแแแพแแถแแแถแแฝแแขแแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธ แแแแถแแถแแขแแแแแแแแบแแแแถแแแแ แแแแแธแแแแแแแแแปแแแธแแแแปแแแแแแแแแ แแแแถแแแแแธ (Sgt) Norma Hinchcliffe แแถแแขแแแแปแแแ แขแธแแปแแแแแปแแงแแแแแแแถแแ แแแ Bell 206 JetRanger แแ แแแแปแแแแแพแแแแแแแแทแ แแ แแปแแแถแแแถแ แแแแ แแแแแแพแแแธแแผแแแแแถแแแแแปแแแทแแธแแแแแแแ แแ แแผแแแแแถแแแผแ แแ แแผแแทแแถแแแปแแแปแแแแแปแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแถแแแแ แแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแ แแย แแแแถแแแแถแแแแแพแแแแธแแแแแแแแแแแแแแ แแแถแแแถแแแแแธแแ แแงแแแแแแแถแแ แแแแแแแแแแถแแแแถแแแแแพแแแถแแ แแแแปแแแฝแแแแแ แแแแถแแแแแธ Sgt Hinchcliffe แแนแแแผแ แแถแแแแแฟแแแแแแถ แแทแแแแป แแทแแแปแแแนแแแแแแแแแแฑแแแงแแแแแแแถแแ แแแแ แปแแ แแแ แแพแแแแผแแแแแถแ แแแแแแถแแแฝแ แแพแแแแธแแแแฝแแแทแแทแแแแแถแแแผแ แแถแแ แขแแแแแพแแแแแแ แแแแแแแแ แแงแแแแแแแถแแ แแแแกแพแแแทแแ แพแแแแ แแแแแแกแแแแ แแแแปแแแทแแธแแแแแแแแแแแนแแแแแแแแ แปแแแพ แแทแแแบแแแแแแแแแทแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแแแ แแแแแบแแถแงแแแแแแ แแแปแแฝแแแแแปแแ แแแแแงแแแแแแ แแแปแแถแ แแแพแแแแแแแแแแขแแปแแแถแแแแถแแแฝแแแแแแแแแแแแแพแแถแแแ แแทแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแ แแแถแแแแถแแแ
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Photograph: Heide Smith. Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial, P03258.085
Sergeant (Sgt) Jodie Clark, Australian Force Communications Unit (FCU) with two homeless street children from the town of Battambang, who sitting on the bonnet of a white UN vehicle used by the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC). A UN transit van is parked in the background. In the spirit of UNTAC’s humanitarian brief, Australian soldiers set up a school for the children of Battambang with money raised through their own fund-raising projects. Sgt Clark would regularly check on these children’s progress and occasionally treat them to a ride in a UN helicopter (see 03258.087 – P03258.089). When the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) arrived in late 1992, there were at least 200,000 orphans, a rate of infant mortality averaging nine deaths for every 100 pregnancies, a disabled rate of one out of every 238 children (mainly amputees due to landmines), and an average life expectancy of less than 50 years. Many children who experienced the trauma of Cambodia’s history displayed symptoms of extreme dysfunction.
1993
แแแแถแแแแแธ (Sgt) Jodie Clark แขแแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธแแถแแฝแแแนแแแแแแแแแแแแถแขแแถแแแแแแธแแแแแแแถแแแแแแ แแแแขแแแแปแแแพแกแถแ UN แแแแแ แแแแแแแผแแแถแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแแแขแแปแแแถแแแ แกแถแUNแแฝแแ แแแ แแถแแแแแแแ แแแแปแแแแแถแแแธแแแปแแแแแถแแทแขแแปแแแถแแ แแถแ แถแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธแแถแแแแแแพแแฑแแแแถแแแถแแถแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแ แแถแแฝแแแทแแแแทแแถแแแแแแขแแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแผแแแทแแทแแแแถแแแแแแแแฝแแแแ แแแแถแแแแแธ (Sgt) Jodie Clark แแแแแแ แปแแแแแฝแแแทแแทแแแแแพแแถแแขแแทแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแแ แถแ แ แพแแแฝแแแถแแแถแแแฝแแแแแทแแงแแแแแแแถแแ แแแ UN แแแแแแ แแ แแแแขแแปแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแปแแถแแ แ แปแแแแแถแแกแฉแฉแข แแแแแแแแแแแถแแถแแแแถแแแทแ แขแ แ แ แ แ แแถแแ แ แพแแขแแแแถแแแแแถแแแถแแแแบ แฉแแแแปแแ แแแแแกแ แ แแถแแ แขแแแแถแแแแทแแถแ แกแแถแแแแแแปแแ แแแแแแแแแแขแฃแจแแถแแ (แแถแแ แแแพแแแทแแถแแแแแแแแถแแแแธแ)แ แแแแแแแแถแ แแแพแแแแแแถแแแแแ แถแแแแผแแ แทแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแทแแถแแแแแแแแแธแแแแแแแแแปแแถแแถแแแแแ แถแแแแแแแแแถแแถแแแถแแแทแแแผแแแแแพแแแถแแ
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Photograph: Heide Smith. Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial, P03258.102
As the ‘Sisophon Express’, a train full of returning refugee families, draws to a halt on the outskirts of Phnom Penh at the end of a 13 hour journey, passengers wave and lean out of windows whilst others prepare to climb down from their positions on the roof of the train. The 331 families on the train were met by family members and Red Cross, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and CARE International staff who organised transport to the UN reception centre at Phnom Penh. The Repatriation Component of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) was responsible for the repatriation and resettling of 370,000 Cambodian refugees located inย Thai border camps from April 1992 until March 1993, with only one fatality recorded.
1993
แแแธแแปแแปแแขแแทแ แแแแแ แแบแแถแแแแแแพแแแแแแแแปแแแ แแแแแแแฝแแถแแแแแแแแแแฝแ แแถแแแถแแขแแแแแถแแแแแแแ แแถแแแแถแแแธแแแแปแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแพแแแแแแแกแฃแแแแ แขแแแแแแแพแแแแแแแแแแถแแถแแแพแแแแแถ แแทแแขแพแแแถแแแแแขแฝแ แฏแขแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแฝแแ แปแแแธแแพแแแแผแแแแแแแพแแ แแแแฝแแถแแแถแแแฃแฃแกแแแแแ แแพแแแแแแพแแแถแแแฝแแแปแแแแถแแทแแกแพแแแทแ แแแแแแถแแแแปแแแแแทแแขแแแแแถแแแถแแแถแแแแแ แ แแแแถแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแฝแแขแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแถแแถแแท แแทแ แขแแแแแถแแขแแแแแแถแแท Care แแแแแถแแแแแ แแแถแแแแแพแแแแพแแแ แแถแแแแแแแแแแทแแแแแถแแแทแ แแ แขแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแถแแถแแทแแ แแธแแแแปแแแแแแแแแ แแแแปแแแแแ แแแถแแปแแผแแทแแทแแแแแแแแแแแขแแปแแแถแแแแถแแแฝแแถแแธแแแแปแแแถแแแถแแแแแแถแแแแแแกแแแแแแทแแแทแแแแแ แแแธแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแฝแแแแแแปแแถแ แแแฝแแฃแงแ แ แ แ แแถแแ แแแแแแแแแแฝแแแ แแ แแแแแแแถแแแแแแ แ แถแแแแธแแแแแแถแกแฉแฉแข แแแแแแแธแแถ แกแฉแฉแฃ แแแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแแแปแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแปแแแถแแแแแ แแแแแ
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Photograph: Unknown. Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial, P03258.175
Australian photographer Heide Smith poses for a quick shot as she sits in the back of an Australian Force Communications Unit (FCU) vehicle which is approaching the Australian Federal Police base at Thmar Puok in Banteay Meanchey Province, also known as the ‘Liberated Zone’. The Liberated Zone, previously under total Khmer Rouge control, came under the shared command of the four Cambodian political factions (including the Khmerย Rouge) as a result of the Paris Peace Accord of 23 October 1991. An unidentified Australian corporal sits oppositeย Smith.
1993
Heide Smith แแบแแถแขแแแแแแแผแแแแแถแแทแขแผแแแแแแถแแธ แแถแแขแแแแปแแแแแผแแแ แแ แขแธแแแแแแแแแปแแกแถแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแขแแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธ แแแแกแถแแแแแปแแ แแแแแแพแแแ แแถแแแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแแแแผแแทแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธ แแถแแแผแแแแแถแแแ แแแแปแแแแแแฝแ แแแแแแแแแแถแแแถแแแแ แแแแแแแผแแแถแแแแแถแแแแถแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแ แแแแแแแแแแแแแแแธแแปแแแบแแ แแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแ แ แแถแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแธแ แปแแแทแ แแ แแแแแแแแแแแแแแทแแถแแแธแแแแปแแแแถแแธแแแแแแขแฃ แแปแแถ แแแแถแแกแฉแฉแก แแแแถแแแ แแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแปแแแแแแถแแแขแถแแปแแแแแแแแถแแแคแแทแ แแฝแแแแแ แผแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแ แแแแแแแ แแถแแแถแ แถแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธแแแแถแแแแแแขแแแแปแแแแแแปแ Smith แแทแแแแแผแแแถแแแแแถแแแขแแแแแแแแถแแกแพแแ
Description | แแถแแแทแแแแแถ
Photograph: Heide Smith. Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial, P03258.189
On the road from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) base at Battambang to the unofficial Khmer Rouge capital of Pailin, an amputee in a crude wooden framed wheelchair makes his way through the dust thrown up by passing trucks and cars. Land mines, which have destroyed this man’s legs and probably his livelihood, have been used at a rate and with such indiscretion that, during the 1990s, over 300 Cambodians were killed or maimed by mines every month, despite attempts by the Cambodian Mine Action Centre (CMAC) to maintain a clearance programme.
1993
แแปแแแแทแแถแแแแแถแแแแถแแแแแพแแแแพแแแแแแแแแแปแแแพแแฝแแแแแแแถแแแแแแผแแแ แแแแแแแแแแแแแแธแ แปแแแแแแแแแกแถแแแแแผแ แแถแ แแแพแ แแ แแถแแแแแแแผแแแธแแผแแแแแถแแขแแปแแแถแแแแแแปแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแ แแแแแแแแแแทแ แแแแแ แแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแทแแแแแผแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแ แแ แแแแถแแแแธแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแพแแแแแแแถแแ แแทแแขแถแ แแแแแแถแแแถแแแแแแ แแแแแแถแแแแแแแแ แแแแถแแแแธแแแแแผแแแถแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแแถแแ แแแพแ แแแแปแแแแกแปแแแแแแแแแแแแกแฉแฉแ แแแแแถแแแแแแถแแแแแแแถแแฃแ แ แแถแแแแถแแแแแถแแ แแทแแแทแแถแแแถแแแแแถแแแแ แแแปแแแแแแแแถแแแแแปแแขแแแแแถแแแแธแแแถแแแแทแแแแแแแนแแแแแแแแแแพแแแแแแทแแธแแแแขแถแแแแแแแ
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Photograph: Heide Smith. Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial, P03258.223
Sergeant (Sgt) John Rixon of the Australian Federal Police (AFP), part of the first contingent of ten officers to serve with the Civilian Police (CIVPOL) Component of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) from 19 May 1992 until 16 January 1993. Sgt Rixon is standing in front of a line of white UNTAC vehicles in the grounds of the Thmar Puok Police Training School which was built to train State of Cambodia (SOC) police and which was handed back to the SOC after the second contingent left in September 1993.
1993
แแแแถแแแแแธ John Rixon แแแแ แแแแแแแแผแแธแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธแแแแแถแแแแแแแฝแแแแแแแแแแแแฝแแแถแแแกแ แแแแแแแพแแถแแแถแแฝแแแแผแแทแแแแธแแทแแแแแแขแแปแแแถแแแ แถแแแแธแแแแแแธแกแฉ แแแงแแแถ แแแแถแแกแฉแฉแข แแ แผแแแแ แแแแแแธแกแฆ แแแแแแถ แแแแถแแกแฉแฉแฃแ แแแแถแแแแแธ John Rixon แแแแปแแแแแ แแธแแปแแแแแแแแแแถแแแกแถแแแแแแแแแแขแแปแแแถแแ แแแแแถแแแธแแถแแแแ แแถแแถแแแแแปแแแแแแถแแแแผแแทแแแแแปแแแแแแฝแแแแแแแแผแแแถแแแแถแแกแพแแแพแแแแธแแแแแปแแแแแแถแแแแผแแทแแแแแแแแแแแแแแปแแถ แ แพแแแแแแถแแแแธแแแแแแแแแฝแแ แถแแ แแแแพแแแธแข แแแแถแแกแฉแฉแฃ แแนแแแแแแแแแผแแแแแแแแแแปแแถแแทแแ
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Photograph: Heide Smith. Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial, P03258.243
Australian barrister at law, mediator and specialist negotiator Mark Plunkett who was appointed the United Nations’ first Special Prosecutor in 1993, attached to the Human Rights Component of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC). Having spent part of the previous year working for UNTAC as a Human Rights officer, Plunkett was already well aware of the type of abuses he and his staff would investigate. The component’s initial staffing allocation of ten proved woefully inadequate, while the expanded unit, consisting of one representative in each province and a small headquarters group based in Phnom Penh proved to be almost as unworkable. With a mandate to investigate war crimes, acts of genocide and human rights abuses, Plunkett encountered severe political opposition from all factions in his attempts to bring the first two human rights abuse cases before the Cambodian courts, which were rejected by Phnom Penh’s People’s Municipal Tribunal of Justice.
1993
แแแแถแแธแขแผแแแแแแถแแธแแถแขแแแแแแแแแแแแแฝแ แแทแแ แแ แถแแบแแแ Mark Plunkett แแแแแแแผแแแถแแแแแแถแแแแถแแแแแขแถแแแแถแแธแกแแแแแขแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแถแแถแแทแแแแปแแแแแถแแกแฉแฉแฃ แแแแพแแถแแแพแแถแแแถแแแทแแแแทแแแปแแแแแถแแฝแแขแแปแแแถแแแ แแถแแแแแพแแถแแแถแแแถแ แแแพแแแแแถแแแถแแฝแแขแแปแแแถแแแแถแแแแแแ แแนแแแทแแแแทแแแปแแแ แแแแพแฑแแแแแ Plunkett แแถแแแแแแนแแแถแ แแแพแแแพแแถแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแ แแทแแแปแแแแแทแแแแแแแถแแแแแแพแแถแแแทแแทแแแแแแพแแขแแแแแแ แแแแแแแแแแขแแแแแถแแแถแแแแแแธแแแแถแแแถแแแปแแแแแทแแแแแผแแแถแแแกแ แแถแแแแแ แถแแแธแแแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแถแแฑแแแแแแแแแฝแแ แแทแแแธแแแแถแแแแถแแแแแถแแแผแ แแฝแแแ แแแแปแแแธแแแแปแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแแพแแแแแทแแขแถแ แแแแพแแถแแแถแแ แแถแแฝแแแถแแแแแแทแ แแ แแแแฝแแแทแแทแแแแแแงแแแแทแแแแแแแแแแถแ แแแแแแแถแแแแแแถแแแแแแแถแ แแทแแแถแแแแแแแแแแถแแแทแแแแทแแแปแแแ แแแ Plunkett แแถแแแฝแแแแแแแแทแแแแแ แถแแแแแถแแแแแแถแแแแแแแพแแแแแธแแแแปแแแแแแถแแแขแถแแปแแแถแแแขแแ แแแแแแแแถแแแแแถแแถแแแถแแแแแแแธแแแแแแแแแถแแแธแแแแแผแแแปแแแแแ แผแแแปแแถแแถแแแแแแปแแถ แแแแแแแผแแแถแแแแทแแแแแแแแปแแถแแถแแแธแแแแปแแแแแแแแแ
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Description | แแถแแแทแแแแแถ
Photograph: Heide Smith. Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial, P03258.287
An informal portrait of Michael Maley, an officer of the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) who was appointed Deputy Chief Electoral Officer of the Electoral Component of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC). He is sitting in the Electoral Component’s Phnom Penh headquarters amongst 70 of the 280 Cambodian staff employed to process voter registration cards on a Khmer language computer database set up by the component. They are working in a modern airconditioned office environment which would have been an unusual experience in Phnom Penh in 1993, given the neglect and devastation that the capital had suffered. The role assumed by UNTAC of organising and conducting a national election was a first for the UN. Registration itself was a huge task, but of the country’s four and three quarter million eligible voters, almost one hundred percent registered – a response Maley described as ‘phenomenal’, given the amount of political intimidation experienced.
1993
แแผแแแถแแแแแแแแ Michael Maley แแแแแแแธแแแแ แแแถแแแแแแแแแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธแแแแแแแผแแแถแแแแแแถแแแแถแขแแปแแแแแแแธแแแแ แแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแขแแปแแแถแแแ แแถแแแแแแปแแขแแแแปแแแแแปแแแธแแแแถแแแแถแแแแแแถแแแแแ แแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแ แแถแแฝแแแปแแแแแทแแแแแแปแแถแงแ แแถแแ แแแแปแแ แแแแแแปแแแแแทแแแแแแปแแถแแถแแแขแแแขแจแ แแถแแ แแแแปแแแแแพแแถแแ แปแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแ แแพแแปแแแแแผแแแแแถแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแ แแแแแแถแแธแขแแปแแแถแแแ แแฝแแแแแแแพแแถแแแแแปแแแถแแทแแถแแแแแแถแแแธแแแแแแถแแ แแแแขแถแ แแถแแแแทแแแแแแแแแแแแฝแแแแแปแแแธแแแแปแแแแแแแแแแ แแแแถแแกแฉแฉแฃ แแแแแแแธแแแแปแแแแแผแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแ แแแแแแแผแแแถแแแแแแแแแทแแแแแแแทแ แแแแแแถแแแธแแปแแแแ แแฝแแถแแธแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแขแแปแแแถแแแแแแถแแแแแ แแแถแแแแแแแแแแแถแแทแแแแผแแกแพแแแแแพแแแแแถแแแแแขแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแถแแถแแทแแแแแปแแแแแแ แแถแแแแแ แแแถแแ แปแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแ แ แพแ แแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแถแแขแถแแปแแทแแแทแแแแทแแแแแแแแแแถแแแ แผแแแแแฃแแ แคแแถแแแถแแ แ แพแแแแแพแแแแกแ แ %แแถแแแแ แปแแแแแแแแแแแแแแ แ แพแแแแ Maley แแถแแแแแแถแแแแถแแถแแแแนแแแแทแแถแแแแแแขแแแ แถแแแ แแแแแแแถแแแแแปแแถแแแแปแแแ แแถแแแถแแแถแแแนแแแแแแแแแแแถแแ
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Photograph: Wayne Ryan. Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial, CAMUN/92/037/26.295
On the streets, Corporal Francine Rigby of Heidelberg, Vic, talking to Warrant Officer 2 Barry James of Ipswich, Qld, both of the Royal Australian Corps of Military Police, serving with the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC).
14 August 1992
แแ แแถแแแแแแแผแ แแแแแแแถแแแ Francine Rigby แแ Heidelberg แแแแ Victory แแแแปแแแทแแถแแแถแแฝแ แแแแแแแธแแถแแถแแแถแแแแ แแบแขแแแแแแแธ Barry James แแ Ipswich แแแแ Queensland แแแแแถแแแแถแแแแธแแแบแแถแแแแปแแแแผแแธแแแทแแแแแแแแแแแแแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธ แแแแแแแปแแแแแพแแถแแแถแแฝแแขแแปแแแถแแแ
แแแแแแธแกแค แแแแธแ แถ แแแแถแแกแฉแฉแข
Description | แแถแแแทแแแแแถ
Photograph: Heide Smith. Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial, P03258.314
Staff of the National Museum of Cambodia pose with Australian National Gallery (ANG, and now National Gallery of Australia) conservator Catherine Millikan (centre) in one of the Museum’s galleries among statues and carvings from the Angkor complex. Millikan was responsible for the transportation to Australia of a wide selection of artefacts from the Museum’s collections which formed the ANG’s 1992 exhibition ‘Age of Angkor’ and was chosen to manage an Australian Government funded conservation project designed to train the Museum’s staff in museum practices, maintenance and cleaning. This cultural exchange was made possible once the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) had established some semblance of stability. The man third from the right is Meas Khim, was head of the stone restoration workshop and the first surviving National Museum employee to return toย work in 1979 after the genocidal Khmer Rouge regime, when most of the 90 French trained conservators and curators were murdered, the museum looted and records destroyed, a deliberate Khmer Rouge policy which aimed to ‘abolish, uproot and disperse the cultural, literary and artistic remnants of the imperialists, colonialists and all of the other oppressor classes”. When the Museum reopened in 1980, six of the original staff had returned, while many of the new employees were relatives of staff murdered by the Khmer Rouge. Conditions in the museum, built in Phnom Penh in 1918 by the French, reflected the years of neglect – no water or telephone, only intermittent electricity and severe structural problems caused by termites in the foundations. Adding to the alarming conditions for both staff and collection was a bat colony which resided in the Museum’s roof cavity, but which the staff turned to their advantage by monthly harvesting the bat droppings and selling them to supplement their meagre incomes.
1993
แแปแแแแแทแแแแแถแแแแแแธแแแถแแทแแแแแปแแถ แแแแถแแฝแแขแแแแขแแทแแแแ Catherine Millikan (แแ แแแแแถแ)ย แแแแธแแทแ แทแแแแแถแแแถแแทแขแผแแแแแแถแแธ ย (ANG) แแ แแแแปแแแทแ แทแแแแแถแแแฝแแแแแถแแแแแแธแแแแแปแแ แแแแแแผแแ แแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแธแแแแถแแถแแขแแแแแ แขแแแแแแแธ Millikan แแแฝแแแปแแแแแผแแ แแแแแแถแแแนแแแแแแผแแแแแแปแแปแแถแแแ แแถแแแแแแแแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธแแถแ แแแพแแแแแแถแแแแแธแแถแแแแแแผแแแแแแแถแแแแแแธแแแแแแถแแแแแแพแแแถแแแถแแแแทแแแ ANG’s แกแฉแฉแข แแทแแแแแ ‘Age of Angkor’ แ แพแแแแแผแแแถแแแแแพแแแพแแฑแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแขแแทแแแแแแแแแแแแแแผแแแทแแทแแแแแแแแถแแทแแถแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธแแแแแแแผแแแถแแแแแแพแแกแพแแแพแแแแธแแแแแปแแแแแแถแแแปแแแแแทแแแแแแแถแแแแแแธแแแแแปแแแถแแขแแปแแแแแแแแพแแถแแแแแปแแแถแแแแแแธแ แแถแแแแแถแ แแทแแแถแแแแแขแถแแ แแถแแแแแถแแแแแแผแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแผแแแถแแแแแพแกแพแแแ แแแแแแแขแถแแแแถแแแขแแแแแแถแแแแขแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแถแแถแแทแแแแ แถแแแ แแแแแปแแถ (แขแแปแแแถแแ) แแแแแพแแฑแแแแถแแแผแแแถแแแแแแแทแแแถแแ แแปแแแแธแแธแแธแแถแแแแแถแแแบแแแ แแถแ แแธแ แแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแถแแแทแแแแถแแถแแถแแฝแแแปแแแแ แแทแแแถแแปแแแแแทแแแถแแแแแแธแแแถแแทแแแแผแแแแแแแแ แแแแแถแแแถแแแธแแทแ แ แพแแแถแแแทแแแแแกแแแแแแแแพแแถแแแทแแแ แแแแถแ แกแฉแงแฉ แแแแแถแแแแธแแแแแแแแแแแผแแแถแแแ แแแแแแแแแแแขแแแแขแแทแแแแ แแทแแขแแแแแแแแแแถแแแ แแแฝแ แฉแ แแถแแแแแแแถแแทแแถแแถแแแแถแแแแฝแแแถแแแแแแปแแแแแแถแ แแแแผแแแถแแแแแแถแแแ แแถแแแแแแธแแแแแผแแแถแแแฝแ แแทแแแแแแแถแ แแแแแถแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแ แแแแแ แแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแ โแแปแแแแแถแแ แแแ แถแแแ แแ แแทแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแ แขแแแแแแถแแแแแ แแทแแแทแแแแแแแ แแแแแแแแทแแทแแ แขแถแแถแแทแแแแทแแ แแทแแแแแแแขแแแแแทแแแถแแแแแแแแ”แ แแ แแแแแแแแถแแแแแแธแแแพแแกแพแแแทแแแแแถแ แกแฉแจแ แแปแแแแแทแแแพแแ แแแฝแ แฆ แแถแแแแถแแแแแกแแแแแแทแ แแแแแแแแปแแแแแทแแแแแธแแถแ แแแพแแแถแแแแบแแถแแถแ แแแถแแทแแแแแแฝแแแถแแแแแแผแแแถแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแ แแ แแแแถแแแถแแแ แแแแปแแแถแแแแแแธแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแปแแแธแแแแปแแแแแแแแแแแแปแแแแแถแ แกแฉแกแจ แแแแแแแถแแทแแถแแถแแแแถแแแแแปแแแแแ แถแแแแธแแถแแแปแแ แแแแถแ แแแพแแแแแถแ แแแแแบแแแแถแแแนแ แฌแแผแแแแแแ แแถแแแแ แแแแแขแแแแทแแแธแแทแแแแแแถแแ แแทแแแแแ แถแแ แแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแธแแแแแแแแแแแแ แแแแปแแแแแนแแ แแแแแแแแแแแแแฝแแฑแแแแแแฝแแแถแแแแแแแแแถแแ แแปแแแแแทแแแแแแแ แแบแแถแแแแแแแแแ แแแแถแ แแแพแแแแแแ แแแแปแแแแแ แแแแแแผแแแถแแแแแแธแ แแแปแแแแแแปแแแแแทแแแถแแแถแแแ แแแขแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแฝแแแถแแทแ แแบแแแแแถแแแแแแผแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแ แแแแถแแแแ แแทแแแแแแพแแแแธแแแแแแแแแแถแแแ แแแผแแแทแ แแฝแ แแแแแแฝแแแถแแแ
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Description | แแถแแแทแแแแแถ
Photograph: Heide Smith. Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial, P03258.401
An informal portrait of Lorraine Sanderson, wife of Lieutenant General (Lt Gen) John M Sanderson, the Force Commander of the Military Contingent of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC). Having joined her husband in Cambodia. Lorraine Sanderson became actively involved in aid and humanitarian work, managing the Journalists’ English Typing Centre for Australian People for Health, Education and Development Abroad (APHEDA) until APHEDA could install a Cambodian manager. Lt Gen Sanderson credits his wife’s presence as ‘critical’ when, as Force Commander, he was faced with unique and difficult decisions.
1993
แแผแแแแแทแแแแแผแแแถแแแฝแแแแแแขแแแแแแแธ Lorraine Sanderson แแแแผแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแ แงแแแแแแแแธแแแฏแ John M Sanderson แขแแแแแแแแแแถแแถแแแแแแแแแแฝแแแแแแขแแปแแแถแแ แแแแถแแ แผแแแฝแแแถแแแถแแแถแแฝแแแแแถแแธแแแแแแถแแแแแแปแแแแแแแแแแแแปแแถแแแแ แขแแแแแแแธ Lorraine Sanderson แแถแแแแแถแแแถแขแแแแ แผแแแฝแแแแถแแแแแแแแ แแแแปแแแทแ แแ แแถแแแแแฝแ แแทแแแถแแแถแแแแปแแแแแแ แแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแขแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแถแแถแขแแแแแแแ แแแแแถแแแแแแแแทแแธ แแแแแถแแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธแแพแแแแธ แแปแแถแ แแถแแขแแแแ แแทแแแถแแขแแทแแแแแแแแ แแแแแแ (APHEDA) แแ แผแแแแ APHEDA แขแถแ แแแแแถแแแขแแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแถแแทแแแแแแแถแแ แงแแแแแแแแธแ Sanderson แ แถแแแแปแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแทแแถแแแแแแถแแแแถแแถแ โแแแแถแแโ แแ แแแแแแแแถแแแแถแแแแแแแถแแถแแแแแแแแถแแ แแถแแแแแแผแแแแแแแแปแแแนแแแถแแแแแแแ แ แทแแแแแแแแแแ แแทแแแทแแถแแ
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Description | แแถแแแทแแแแแถ
Photograph: Heide Smith. Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial, P03258.404
Posing in front of a keyboard chart outside the Journalists’ English Typing Centre located in Phnom Penh, are Lorraine Sanderson (centre) and a group of students. The Centre was established in May 1992 by Australian journalist Sue Downie and Barbara Fitzgerald, the director of Australian People for Health, Education and Development Abroad (APHEDA), the Australian trade union movement’s aid agency which focuses on enhancing technical and vocational skills in developing countries. Designed to assist Cambodian journalists, government workers and the disabled with free training in English typing and journalistic skills, the Centre received a major boost in 1991 and 1992 from appeals launched in Canberra, Australia for typewriters and associated equipment, resultingย in almost 500 pieces of equipment being donated, many of which were then distributed throughout the rest of Cambodia. Until APHEDA was able to train two additional teachers and a coordinator, Lorraine Sanderson, wife of Lieutenant General (Lt Gen) John M Sanderson, the Force Commander of the Military Contingent of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC), managed the Centre.
1993
แขแแแแแแแธ Lorraine Sanderson (แแ แแแแแถแ) แแทแแแทแแแแแฝแแแแแปแแแแแปแแแแแ แแธแแปแแแแแถแแแแแแแแ แถแแแธแแแแถแแ แปแ แแ แแถแแแแแ แแแแแแแแแแแแแแแขแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแถแแถแแถแขแแแแแแแแ แแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแผแแแถแแแแแแพแแแแแปแ แแแงแแแถ แแแแถแแกแฉแฉแฃ แแแแขแแแแแถแแแแแแแถแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธแแบ Sue Downie แแทแ Barbara Fitzgerald แแแแแถแแถแแแแ แแแแแแทแแธ แแแแแถแแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธแแพแแแแธ แแปแแถแ แแถแแขแแแแ แแทแแแถแแขแแทแแแแแแแแ แแแแแแ (APHEDA) แแทแ แแแแถแแแแถแแ แแแถแแแแฝแแแ แแธแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแพแแถแแแแแแแแถแแแแแ แถแแแแถแแแ แแ แแแแแ แแทแแแทแแแแถแแธแแแแ แแแแปแแแแแแแแแแแปแแขแแทแแแแแแ แแแแแถแแแแแ แแกแพแแแพแแแแธแแฝแแขแแแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแแแแปแแถ แแแแแแแธแแถแแแแแแถแแทแแถแ แแทแแแแแทแแถแแแแแแฝแแแถแแแ แแถแแแแแแปแแแแแแถแแแแแฅแแแทแแแแแแแพแแแแถแแแถแแขแแแแแแถแแถแขแแแแแแแ แแทแแแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแถแแ แแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแฝแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแฝแแแแแปแแแแแถแ แกแฉแฉแก แแทแ แกแฉแฉแข แแธแแถแแขแแแถแแแถแแแแแแถแแ แถแแแแแแพแแแ แแธแแแแปแแแแแแแแแถ แแแแแแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธ แแแแแถแแแแแถแแแธแแขแแแแปแแธแแแ แแทแแงแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแ แแถแแแแแแแแบแแถแแงแแแแแแแทแ แฅแ แ แแแแผแแแถแแแแทแ แแ แถแแ แพแแแถแแ แแแพแแแแแผแแแถแแ แแแ แถแแแผแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแปแแถแ แแ แผแแแถแแแแ APHEDA แขแถแ แแแแแปแแแแแแถแแแแแผแแแแแแแแธแแแถแแ แแทแแขแแแแแแแแแแแแแฝแแแฝแแแผแ แแบแขแแแแแแแธ Lorraine Sanderson แแแทแแถแแแแแงแแแแแแแแธแแฏแ John M Sanderson แขแแแแแแแแแแถแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแฝแแแแขแถแแแแถแแแขแแแแแแถแแขแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแถแแถแแทแแ แแแแแปแแถ (แขแแปแแแถแแ) แแแแแถแขแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแ
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Description | แแถแแแทแแแแแถ
Photograph: Heide Smith. Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial, P03258.404
Leading Aircraftwoman (LACW) Michelle (Mitch) Stevens RAAF, a woman serving with the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC), on patrol at the temple complex of Angkor Wat, accompanied by some inquisitive Cambodian children. LACW Stevens is dressed in Disruptive Pattern Combat Uniform (DCPU) and is carrying a 5.56mm caliber Styr AUG rifle. (Original negative housed in AWM Archive Store)
แแแแถแ แถแแแแแแแขแถแแถแ (LACW) แแบแขแแแแแแแธ Michelle (Mitch) Stevens RAAF แแถแแแแแแธแแแแถแแแแแแแแแปแแแแแแพแแถแแแถแแฝแแขแถแแแแถแแแขแแแแแแถแแขแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแถแแถแแทแแ แแแแแปแแถ (แขแแปแแแถแแ) แแแแปแแแแแถแแแ แแแทแแแแแแแถแแถแแขแแแแแแแแ แแแแแแแผแแแถแแขแแแแแพแแแแแแปแแถแแแแแแปแแถแแฝแแ แแแฝแ แ LACW Stevens แแถแแแแแแแแปแแแแแถแแแถแ Disruptive Pattern Combat Uniform (DCPU) แ แพแแแแแปแแแถแแแแถแแแแแพแ Steyr AUG แแแ แ 5.56mmแ
Description | แแถแแแทแแแแแถ
Lieutenant General (Lt Gen) John M Sanderson, Force Commander of the Military Contingent of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) greets members of the Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF), part of the Malaysian Contingent to Cambodia, at Phnom Penh Airport. Known as the RMAF Technical Specialist Group (TESPEG), the group consisted of Air Traffic Controllers, Fire Fighters and Base Operation personnel tasked with contributing to UNTAC’s aerial operations requirements. Malaysia committed a total of 1,090 military personnel to the UNTAC operation, including eight Sikorsky S-61 helicopters and a Ranger Battalion, one of 34 countries to commit troops.
แงแแแแแแแแธแแแฏแ John M Sanderson แขแแแแแแแแแแถแแถแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแขแถแแปแแแแขแถแแแแถแแแขแแแแแแถแแขแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแถแแถแแทแแ แแแแแปแแถ (แขแแปแแแถแแ) แแถแแแฝแแแแแถแแแแแแแถแแทแแแแแแแปแแแแแแแแแขแถแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแกแแแแธ(RMAF) แแ แขแถแแถแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแแแ แแแแแถแแแแแแแฝแแแแแแแแแแแแฝแแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแกแแแแธแแแแ แถแแแ แแแแแแแแแแแปแแถ แ แพแแแแแผแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแแถแแถแแแแปแแฏแแแแแแ แแ แแแแแแแทแแแแแฝแ RMAF (TESPEG) แแแแแแแปแแแแแแถแ แขแแแแแแแฝแแแทแแทแแแแ แแถแ แแแแแแแผแแขแถแแถแ แขแแแแแแแแแแขแแแแธแแแ แแทแแแแแแแแแแแทแแแแแทแแถแแแผแแแแแถแแแแแแถแแแถแแแทแ แแ แแแแปแแแถแแแฝแแ แแแแแแถแแแแแพแแแแแทแแแแแทแแถแแแแแผแแขแถแแถแแแแแแขแแปแแแถแแแ แแแแแแแแแถแกแแแแธแแถแแแแแแผแแแแแแแถแแแปแแ แแแฝแ แกแ แฉแ แแถแแแแ แแแแปแแแแแแทแแแแแทแแถแแแแแแขแแปแแแถแแ แแฝแแแถแแแงแแแแแแแถแแ แแแ Sikorsky S-61 แ แแแฝแแแแแถแแแธแแแแฟแ แแทแแแแแแแแแถแแผแ Rangerแแฝแแแ แแแแแถแแแแแแแแฝแแแแแปแแ แแแแแแแแแแแ แแแฝแ แฃแค แแแแแแแแแแแแฝแแ
Description | แแถแแแทแแแแแถ
Senator Gareth Evans (second left) speaks to Australian and New Zealand members of the Australian Force Communications Unit (FCU) in front of the orderly room at their base at Battambang during his visit to Cambodia on 22 – 23 January 1993, having flown up to the base from Phnom Penh by helicopter. After his formal speech, Evans took the opportunity to chat informally with personnel about conditions that the contingent was facing in the surrounding region, which was close to a number of Khmer Rouge controlled areas. Evans remembers the FCU team as being “tremendously impressive: alert, capable, resourceful, and with really good relationships with the local people.” He also visited another Australian FCU base at Kompong Thom in central Cambodia and the Australian Federal Police (AFP) contingent at their base at Thmar Puok near the Thai border, where, as Evans relates “they had been trying among other things to build bridges with some Khmer Rouge soldiers”. Evans’ visit was designed to gauge UNTAC’s progress towards the cantonment and demobilisation of all Cambodian military forces before the May 1993 elections.
แแแถแแทแแแแแนแแแแแแถ Gareth Evans (แแ แแถแแแแแแแแธแแธแ) แแทแแถแแแถแแฝแแแแถแแทแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธ แแทแแแผแแแแ แแแแกแแ แแแขแแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธ (FCU) แแ แแปแแแแแแแแ แถแแแแฝแแแ แแผแแแแแถแแแแแแแฝแแแแแแแปแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแ แแแแปแแแแแพแแแแแแแแแแแแแทแ แแ แแ แแแแแแแแแแแปแแถ แแถแแแแแแธ แขแข-แขแฃ แแแแแแถ แแแแถแ แกแฉแฉแฃ แแแแแถแแ แแแ แพแแแธแแผแแแแแถแแแธแแแแปแแแแแแแแแแถแแงแแแแแแแถแแ แแแแ แแแแแถแแแแธแแแแแแแปแแแแแแแถแแแแผแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแ แพแ แแแ Evans แแถแแแแแแแฑแแถแแแแแแแแแ แแแแผแแแถแแแถแแฝแแแแแถแ แถแแขแแแธแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแปแแแถแ แถแแแแแปแแแแแแแแปแแแ แแแแปแแแแแแแแปแแแทแ แแแแแ แแทแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแ แแแฝแแ แแแฝแแ แแแ Evans แ แถแแแถ โแแแแปแ FCU แแบแแถแแแแปแแแแแแฝแแฑแแแ แถแแแขแถแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแถแแ แแแแแถแ แแถแแแแแปแแแแแแแแแแแแแแ แแถแแแแแแแแถแ แแถแแแแแถแแแแแแข แแทแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแขแแถแแฝแแแแแแถแแแแแแปแแแแแแโแ แแแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแแถแแผแแแแแถแแแแ FCU แแแแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธแแฝแแแแแแ แแแแแแแแแแแแ แแแแแถแแแแแแแ แ แแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแปแแถ แแทแแแแแปแแแแผแแธแแแ แแแแแแขแผแแแแแแถแแธ (AFP) แแ แแผแแแแแถแแแแแแแฝแแแแแแแปแแแแแปแแแแแแฝแ แแทแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแ Evans แแถแแแแแแถแแแแแถ “แแฝแแแแแถแแแทแแแแแปแแแแแถแแถแแแแแปแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแถแแแถแแฝแแแทแ แแถแ แถแแแแแแแแแแ แแแแแแแ แพแโแ แแแแพแแแแแแแแทแ แแ แแแแแแแ Evans แแแแผแแแถแแแแแ แแกแพแแแพแแแแธแแถแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแขแแปแแแถแแ แแแแแแแ แแแแถแแแแแแปแแแแ แแทแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแถแแแขแแแแ แแแแแปแแถ แแปแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแงแแแถ แแแแถแแกแฉแฉแฃแ